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History of Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida

Legal and Policy History of Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida

Illustration by Dawn Witherington

Sea turtles have had a profound influence on the evolution of Florida conservation and coastal management policy. The earliest references to sea turtles in the State’s policy history date to territorial times as the Bahamian government sought special hunting access on Florida beaches. Since then, Florida’s sea turtles have played an outsized role in shaping state, federal and international environmental and fisheries law, as well as coastal management and resiliency policy.

This project takes a deep, objective, and historical dive into the role that sea turtles have played in Florida policy, while providing current and future stakeholders and decisionmakers the benefit that only historical perspective can bring to conservation efforts. The project couples traditional law and policy research methods (legislative history, rulemaking, constitutional and statutory reform, case law and regulatory guidance), with historical research to help shape the narrative. The project includes oral history interviews of key actors in the modern policymaking arena, providing additional valuable perspective.

Photo by Celeste McWilliams
Sea Turtle History Blog Posts
Emcompassing four themes related to the history of sea turtle conservation in Florida: Early History (3 Parts), Lighting (3 Parts), Fisheries (Coming Soon), and Modern History (Coming Soon).

So Excellent a Fishe: Early History of Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida, Part I

Long before sea turtles were revered as charismatic megafauna worthy of protection in their own right, they were a valuable source of protein that could be counted on by both indigenous cultures and early colonial maritime powers. Read More

Not For Long a Fishe: Early History of Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida, Part II

At a time when the State’s entire population was a little over one million, when land-based sources of pollution barely registered, and when seagrass meadows stretched unbroken across all the State’s estuaries, some fisheries already showed signs of stress. Read More

Not For Long a Fishe: Early History of Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida, Part III

In the early 1970s, Florida continued to struggle with managing sea turtles as a fishery, but the writing was on the wall. Read More

All the Light They Can and Should Not See, Part I

Part I: In 1879 Thomas Edison said, “Let there be light!” and there was light. It did not take long before scientists recognized and began to study the effects that bringing light into darkness would have on creatures other than humans – none more than sea turtles. Learn More

All the Light They Can and Should Not See: A Short History of Sea Turtle Lighting Science and Policy in Florida – Part II

Part II: we chart the emergence of the state and local regulatory framework to address lighting in the context of continued advances in sea turtle science and lighting technology. We also explore the role of endangered species protections on lighting policy. Read More

All the Light They Can and Should Not See – Part III

Part III: we describe the significance of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster recovery plan for sea turtle lighting policy and then return to the effort to update the State’s model lighting ordinance, which culminated in adoption in 2020. Read More
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